Laser vuamdistortion yog ib qho teeb meem tshwm sim thaum kub siab heev yog siv los yaj hlau. Kawm paub yuav ua li cas txo cov weld distortion thiab cov lus qhia yuav kho li cas thaum nws tshwm sim.
Laser vuamyog ib lub tshuab muaj zog uas siv cov cua sov uas tsim los ntawm laser technology los fuse ob cov ntaub ntawv (xws li steel phaj). Vuam ntsib qhov kev sib tw ntawm weld distortion vim lub ntuj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov hlau mus rau huab cua kub. Qhov no yog ib qho deformation uas cuam tshuam qhov kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov hlau molten. Hmoov zoo, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los txo qis kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem vuam.
Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tsom mus rau dab tsi vuam distortion yog, dab tsi ua rau nws, thiab yuav ua li cas txo nws cov teebmeem. Koj tseem yuav pom cov lus qhia zoo los pab koj daws qhov cuam tshuam ntawm vuam distortion.
Dab tsi yoglaser vuamdeformation?
Weld deformation lossis deformation cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov duab thiab qhov loj ntawm cov qauv hlau. Qhov no yog ib tug natural nyhuv ntawm vuam. Thaum muaj hlaulaser welded, lawv raug tshav kub heev uas ua rau lawv yaj. Qhov no ua rau cov khoom nthuav dav.
Raws li cov hlau molten txias rau chav tsev kub, nws solidifies thiab pib ntsws. Qhov no yog residual stress. Yog hais tias cov cua sov yog nyob rau hauv lub zos thiab cov seem ntawm cov hlau nto tsis rhuab, nws yuav tsis nthuav los yog cog lus nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev. Qhov no ua rau distortion.
Cov ntaub ntawv uas yooj yim deformed tom qab vuam
Txhawm rau txiav txim siab tias yog vim li cas cov khoom muaj feem cuam tshuam rau vuam distortion, koj yuav tsum nkag siab txog cov khoom uas cuam tshuam rau kev cuam tshuam. Qee cov ntaub ntawv muaj feem cuam tshuam rau deformation vim yog ob qho tib si lub cev thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab.
1. Lub cev muaj zog yog ntsuas ntawm thermal expansion thiab thermal conductivity.
Thermal expansion yog qhov txav ntawm cov hlau thaum nws nthuav dav thaum cua sov thiab cog lus thaum txias. Yog tias muaj cov coefficient siab, cov khoom nthuav dav thiab sib cog lus yooj yim dua - yog li nws yuav twist ntau dua.
Thermal conductivity, ntawm qhov tod tes, ntsuas qhov ntws ntawm cov cua sov raws cov khoom siv. High thermal conductivity dissipates tshav kub sai. Txij li thaum muaj cua sov tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim deform, tsis tshua muaj conductivity tsub kom lub sij hawm deformation thaum vuam.
2. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm txhua yam khoom, ob yam yuav tsum tau xav txog, yield zog thiab elastic modulus. cov
Lub zog tawm los yog hais txog ntau npaum li cas cov khoom siv tuaj yeem tiv taus los teb rau sab nraud quab yuam. Yog li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj zog yield zog ntau dua residual stresses thiab yog li deform yooj yim dua.
Modulus ntawm elasticity hais txog cov khoom muaj peev xwm nthuav dav thiab cog lus. Ib qho elastic modulus ntau dua txhais tau tias cov khoom muaj peev xwm tiv taus deformation.
Siv cov khoom no rau hauv tus account, koj tuaj yeem xav tias yog tias cov khoom muaj thermal expansion coefficient ntau dua, qis thermal conductivity, siab zog tawm los, thiab qis dua elastic modulus.
Cov ntaub ntawv uas yooj yim deformed tom qab vuam
Muab piv rau cov hlau tsis muaj steel rau carbon steel, koj tuaj yeem xav tias yav dhau los muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua rau kev deformation vim tias nws muaj lub zog ntau dua thiab cov coefficient ntawm thermal expansion thiab qis thermal conductivity.
Nruab nrab ntawm txhuas thiab tooj liab, tus qub yog feem ntau deformation vim tias nws muaj lub zog ntau dua thermal expansion coefficient, thiab qis thermal conductivity.
Hom thiab ua raulaser vuamdeformation
Ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb tau ua los txheeb xyuas qhov ua rau deformation tiag tiag tom qab cov txheej txheem laser vuam. Raws li kev tshawb fawb, 3 yam tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau laser vuam yield: khoom, txheej txheem, thiab geometry.
Piv txwv li,laser vuamdeforms vim hais tias cov vuam tsis yog siv rau cov hlau nto nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Vuam ceev, tam sim no, lub kaum sab xis, thiab lwm yam yuav tau concentrated rau ntawm qhov chaw welded. Thaum tsiv tawm ntawm qhov chaw vuam, cov cua sov maj mam txo qis thiab thermal cuam tshuam xws li hlau nthuav dav kuj txo.
Yog li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem muaj kev nyab xeeb xav tias qhov nthuav dav yuav txawv nyob ntawm qhov siv ntawm cov cua sov tau txais los ntawm cov hlau. Hauv qhov piv txwv tau muab, qhov welded feem nthuav dav tshaj plaws vim tias nws tau txais cov cua sov tshaj plaws los ntawm laser qhov chaw.
Thaum cov txheej txheem vuam xaus, cov hlau yuav pib txias thiab ntsws. Cov hlau yuav txuas ntxiv zuj zus los ntawm tib tus nqi thaum nws nthuav dav. Qhov no yog hu ua residual stress.
Yog tias qhov kev ntxhov siab ntau dua li qhov muaj zog ntawm cov khoom siv niam txiv, ob hom kev ntxhov siab yuav tshwm sim.
Compressive kev nyuaj siab tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub ntug ntawm cov niam txiv hlau.
Tensile Stress Qhov no tshwm sim thaum qhov kev cog lus ntawm cov hlau rhuab yog tiv thaiv los ntawm tus so ntawm cov hlau nto (qhov chaw tsis muaj cua sov).
Yuav kom nkag siab ntxiv qhov no, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los xav txog ntau txoj hauv kev uas deformation tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum vuam tiav.
1. Ntev deformation
Raws li lub npe qhia, qhov deformation no tshwm sim raws li qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom raug welded. Thaum nws txias, qhov vuam thiab qhov chaw nyob ib puag ncig nws shrinks. Yog li ntawd, lub workpiece yuav luv luv. Qhov no ua rau cov npoo sab nrauv saib ntev dua thiab cov ntu nruab nrab saib arcuate.
Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias lub workpiece tsis kho kom raug, qhov deformation yuav siab tshaj plaws.
2. Lateral distortion
Hom distortion no tshwm sim thaum cov npoo ntawm cov hlau raug rub mus rau ib leeg. Qhov no deformation yog tshwm sim los ntawm shrinkage tshaj qhov expansion uas pib thaum lub sij hawm laser vuam.
3. Lub kaum sab xis distortion
Lub kaum sab xis tshwm sim thaum lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub phaj hlau hloov vim qhov shrinkage tom qab ua tiav txoj haujlwm vuam. Cov npoo ntawm cov ntawv hlau yog rub mus rau ib leeg ntawm ib sab, ua rau cov khoom zoo li nkhaus.
Yog hais tias lub vuam txuas nrog hlau ntawm lub kaum sab xis, cov hlau ntsug yuav tsis tshwm ncaj, tab sis qhov nkhaus.
4. Kev tsis sib haum xeeb
Hom no yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov twists tau tham ua ntej. Nws zoo li nws yog buckling, khoov, los yog warping. Cov no yog ntau hom kev khoov thiab deformations uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov khoom siv welded. Txawm hais tias cov hlau muaj zog npaum li cas, yog tias laser vuam ua rau nws deform, lub vuam yuav ua tsis tiav.
10 txoj hauv kev los txo cov weld distortion
Thaum distortion yog yam tsis muaj kev zam, qhov ntawd tsis tau txhais hais tias tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi uas koj tuaj yeem ua kom txo qis. Ib yam li muaj ntau hom deformation, kuj tseem muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los tiv thaiv stainless hlau thiab lwm yam hlau los ntawm deforming. Qhov no tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog lub zog ntawm cov hlau xaiv. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj yog yam koj ua ua ntej, thaum, thiab tom qab koj txoj haujlwm vuam.
Nov yog 10 lub tswv yim sib txawv vuam koj tuaj yeem siv.
1. Tsis txhob siv vuam ntau dhau
Vuam cov cheeb tsam loj nce qhov shrinkage uas tshwm sim. Qhov no yog vim li cas koj yuav tsum npaj koj cov txheej txheem laser vuam tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum koj xav tau ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw loj. Kho qhov ntev ntawm qhov chaw txo qhov vuam distortion thiab residual stresses, yog li tsis txhob nkim hlau thiab sij hawm.
2. Siv cov vuam sib txuas
Qhov no yog ib qho txheej txheem uas tawm qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm welds. Hloov chaw txuas ntxiv, koj yuav txuas ib nti thiab tom qab ntawd tawm qhov chaw rau cov hlau tsis muaj hlau ua ntej ua lwm qhov vuam. Qhov no tuaj yeem txo qhov deformation tom qab vuam tiav.
3. Txo tus lej hloov tsheb
Lwm txoj hauv kev kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam yog txwv tus lej ntawm kev hla hauv cov txheej txheem vuam. Xyuas kom tseeb tias ib zaug txaus kom tsis txhob deformation. Koj tuaj yeem sim ua ib qho loj weld pass es tsis txhob siv ob peb qhov me me. Raws li TWI, ib qho loj dua ib qho weld tsim tsawg dua qhov deformation dua li qhov vuam tsim los ntawm ntau qhov me me.
4. Xav txog qhov chaw vuam
Qhov chaw ntawm qhov vuam yog qhov tseem ceeb. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, koj yuav tsum tso qhov vuam ze rau qhov nruab nrab lossis nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom siv. Qhov no yuav txo qis distortion thaum lub laser weld pib ntsws vim hais tias yuav muaj tsawg leverage raws li lub shrinkage rog sim txav tawm ntawm kev sib raug zoo.
5. Sim cov txheej txheem vuam rov qab
Back-step welding yog ib qho txheej txheem uas qhov vuam kev taw qhia yog los ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis, tab sis cov hlaws hlaws tau muab tso rau ntawm sab xis mus rau sab laug. Ua li no yuav nthuav dav cov npoo uas cov hlaws ntu tau muab tso rau ib ntus cais cov ntawv hlau.
Thaum lub zog ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis tiav, qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm cov hlaws dai yuav ua rau qhov nthuav dav kom txo qis thaum cov txheej txheem tiav. Qhov no yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo los txo qis kev cuam tshuam.
6. Preset vuam qhov chaw
Qhov no yuav koom nrog qee qhov kev sim kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev cuam tshuam tsawg kawg thaum lub vuam tiav. Txiav txim siab qhov preset xav tau rau yav dhau los vuam yog li koj tuaj yeem kwv yees qhov shrinkage koj yuav ntsib. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau koj los hloov kho kom txo qis shrinkage thiab distortion.
7. Tsim ib qho kev sib txuas
Tsis txhob siv txoj kab ncaj nraim rau vuam qhov chaw. Tsim ib qho kev npaj vuam ib ntus uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv qhov shrinkage ntawm lwm qhov ntawm cov khoom raug sib sau ua ke. Raws li koj paub txog yuav ua li cas hlau shrinks, koj muaj peev xwm tsim ib tug ib theem zuj zus uas sib npaug cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob deformation.
8. Clamp ib feem kom kaw qhov chaw
Lwm qhov kev xaiv yog siv lub jig thaum koj vuam cov khoom ua ke. Qhov no yuav tiv thaiv lawv thiab tiv thaiv kev nthuav tawm lossis kev cog lus los ntawm distorting lawv. Khaws cov khoom hauv qhov chaw kom txog thaum cov txheej txheem tiav. Qhov tsis muaj kev txav mus los txo qhov cuam tshuam.
9. Xav txog cov thermal kev ntxhov siab
Qhov no yog ib qho kev siv tshuab uas tswj cov cua sov thiab txias ntawm qhov chaw koom nrog vuam. Qhov ntawd yog thaum koj nce qhov kub thiab txias tswj kev ntxhov siab los ntawm kev hnav nws thaum vuam cov khoom.
10. Txo lub sijhawm vuam
Koj tseem tuaj yeem txo lub sijhawm vuam kom txo tau qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev cuam tshuam. Qhov no yuav nyuaj yog tias koj yuav tsum ua qhov no manually. Qhov chaw koj weld ua ntej yuav txias ua ntej lawv tiav. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj muaj cov cuab yeej siv tshuab rau vuam, koj tuaj yeem txo lub sijhawm ua haujlwm thiab ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam kom tsawg.